Other authors have shown that BNP levels are elevated in severe sepsis and septic shock regardless of the presence or absence of LV dysfunction.(48) Papanakolaou et al. demonstrated that LVEF was not an independent predictor of BNP elevation in sepsis patients; rather, the severity of the illness seemed to be the primary determinant of BNP elevation.(49) Several other authors also demonstrated elevated BNP levels in septic patients despite normal LV function.(32,50). Here, NPPB is linked to Sepsis.