IFIH1 and viral infectious disease: During viral infection, IFN-I production is usually triggered in MNPs through the recognition of viral nucleic acids by cytoplasmic sensors of RNA: retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), or DNA: mainly cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), with some possible contribution from interferon-γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and polyglutamine binding protein 1 (PQBP1) (134–136) (summarized in Figure 1).