Patients with NSCLC were treated with PD-L1-based immunotherapy alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4-targeted therapy, while PD1/PD-L1 MAbs were administered alone, or in combination with antI-CTLA-4-targeted therapy or the anti-angiogenic agent, bevacizumab, to those with RCC. Here, CTLA4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.