Second, it has recently been published that under homeostatic conditions, spinal microglia do not express CXCR2, but it can be upregulated upon its activation in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain or nerve injuries, and inflammation, including Complete Freund's Adjuvant injection (15, 65–70). Here, CXCR2 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.