TNF and snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration: Reports have linked a number of abnormalities in the interleukin (IL) pathways to SVD including IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor, IL-10, IL-21, and IL-23 (9), confirming earlier findings by Flex et al. linking proinflammatory gene polymorphisms to one of the major consequences of SVD, dementia (10).