In September 2017, anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab (Opdivo) was approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for second-line treatment in sorafenib-pretreated patients with advanced HCC, based on the data derived from a dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase trial within the CheckMate-040 multi-cohort trial [20] (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.