Furthermore, we demonstrated the effects of PA in rats with testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH by measuring the prostate index, examining the histological features, and evaluating the major factors involved in the biology of BPH, such as PSA, 5AR2, AR, steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1), PCNA, cyclin D1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.