These findings suggested that the amplification chain in the production of proinflammatory cytokines could be weakened by reducing the amount of the key proinflammatory cytokines and by using anti-inflammatory agents that counteract the effects and production of the crucial proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, in OA and RA, respectively [39,40]. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.