Examining IL-17 levels in VAP patients at the day of VAP development (VAP0 timepoint), we showed that IL-17 levels were nine-fold lower in the VAP group (32 pg/mL ± 6.7 SEM; n = 10) compared to that in the PoA group (292 pg/mL ± 74.8 SEM; n = 13; p = 0.041; Figure 3B). The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is ventilator-associated pneumonia.