Meanwhile, limonin can also exert therapeutic effects on mice with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the expression of iNOS, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), and COX2, and attenuating oxidative stress in bleomycin-induced lung tissues [94]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.