TGFB1 and systemic mastocytosis: Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and chemokines like CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCR3, Rantes, and CCR8 were also found downregulated in SM cases by the fold change reduction values of 1.53, 1.25, 1.98, 3.08, and 5.69, respectively, compared to endemic control.