Th1 and Th17 cells gradually increase during the chronic development of AD (Meagher et al., 2002; Peng and Novak, 2015), and Foxp3+ T regulatory cell (Treg) populations can inhibit AD development via production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β (Zhang et al., 2014). Here, TGFB1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.