DNA hypomethylation has been observed on promoter region of lfa-1 in CD4+ T cells from active lupus patients and over-expressed LFA-1 has been found on an autoreactive subset of T cells, which produces perforin and granzyme B to lyse autologous cells (31, 40), thereby inducing inflammation and tissue damages. Here, ITGAL is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.