SMAD3 and pulmonary fibrosis: However, administration of hesperidin significantly attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of elevated oxido-nitrosative stress, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, ILs) and IκBα/NF-κB as well as modulation of TGF-B/smad3 pathway to reduce collagen deposition.