Given the similarities among obesity- and age-related changes in adipose tissue [60] and the positive role that PTX3 has been shown to play in the regulation of appropriate immune function and prevention of CVD and metabolic disease [39, 41, 42, 61–63], plasma PTX3 concentrations were expectedly lower in middle-aged compared to young adults. The gene discussed is PTX3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.