The top canonical pathways enriched in Atg16l1 deficient versus WT CD11b+ DCs (Figure 6D) corresponded to inositol (pyro)phosphate metabolism and phosphoinositide biosynthesis and degradation pathways, with major importance as cell signals in several biological processes, particularly relevant to the interface between cell signaling, membrane traffic and autophagy27–29 as well as immune cell functions.30,31 The other major canonical pathways relate to atherosclerosis signaling and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β signaling of high relevance to the immune response in atherosclerosis. Here, ITGAM is linked to atherosclerosis.