Accordingly, the most enriched disease and biological functions categories corresponded to inflammatory response, cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis and occlusion of artery), and metabolic disease (diabetes mellitus), with a negative Z score indicating decreased bio-function in the absence of ATG16L1, and the most enriched physiological system development and function categories corresponded to lymphoid tissue structure and development, with a positive Z score for differentiation of Tregs, indicative of increased bio-function. Here, ATG16L1 is linked to atherosclerosis.