Indeed, the combination of 3,4‐DC and MTX was more efficient in reducing tumor growth than MTX alone (Fig 8F), and this combinational effect was lost in the context of a T lymphocyte deficiency (i.e., when MCA205 cancer cells were implanted into athymic nu/nu mice (Fig 8G) or when the MCA205 cells were rendered autophagy‐deficient due to the knockdown of Atg5 (Fig 8H and I). This evidence concerns the gene ATG5 and cancer.