These panels were KRAS alone, TP53 alone, TP53 in combination with SMAD4, or a full panel of 9 genes including KRAS, TP53, SMAD4 as well as other genes such as CDKN2A. For PDAC vs. control, the highest sensitivity (85.3%) was achieved by the 9 gene panel, whereas when comparing PDAC vs. intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), TP53 + SMAD4 showed the highest sensitivity (64.7%). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.