WNT5A and lung carcinoma: In addition, in certain NSCLC subtypes, a shift from the canonical to the non-canonical Wnt pathway has been detected, while both Wnt pathways have been involved in lung cancer metastasis, since the metastatic stage of lung tumors has been associated with EMT linked to β-catenin dependent signaling and the expression of the non-canonical WNT5a, which increases the expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10 and sonic hedgehog (SHH) (92, 93).