Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of GBH on primary cultured leiomyoma cells and also investigated the mechanism underlying the effects of GBH in a comparative analysis with UPA, which has pro-apoptotic effects by upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression on leiomyoma cells (Yoshida et al., 2010; Horak et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and leiomyoma.