In addition, it has been shown that BAs themselves exert a hypoglycemic effect, mostly through the activation of nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane TGR5 receptor signaling pathways, which opens the possibility of using BAs as agents in the treatment of metabolic diseases, primarily diabetes mellitus (Ðanić et al., 2018). The gene discussed is NR1H4; the disease is metabolic disease.