CX3CL1 and ischemia: Since CX3CL1 is neuroprotective in ischemia (Cipriani et al., 2011) and it is known that neuro-inflammation plays a role in brain damage following ischemic insult (Iadecola and Alexander, 2001; Cheon et al., 2017), we wanted to verify the hypothesis that the neuroprotective effect of CX3CL1 was due to its ability to modulate the phenotype of microglia.