CD40 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Indeed, this strategy has shown successful preliminary outcomes in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.27 In addition to T cell-targeted immunotherapy, targeting tumour-associated macrophages via CCR2, CSF1R, or CD40 may be effective in patients with GISTs who have previously used anti-angiogenic agents, as M2 macrophages were increased in this patient population.