INS and Insulin resistance: In fact, measures of metabolic dysfunction, for example, insulin resistance measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] or homeostatic model assessment 2 of insulin resistance [HOMA2-IR], calculated using fasting plasma insulin and glucose) [31,32], and systemic inflammation, for example, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), are inversely associated with physical activity [33,34] and cognitive performance [33,35].