TGFB1 and parasitic infectious disease: In contrast the TGF‐β phenotype, which is characteristic of “tempered responders”, results in fewer symptoms but higher parasitemia.60, 64 CD14+ monocytes are the main producers of TGF‐β in this context, along with a large population of indeterminate cells,64 while Foxp3+ cells also stimulate TGF‐β production.64 In Section 3.5 we hypothesize on how these phenotypes may impact the relationship between IFN‐γ and antibody responses.