On univariate survival analysis, T stage (p < 0.001), N stage (p < 0.001), TNM stage (p < 0.001), Ki-67 proliferation index (p < 0.001), MMR (p ≤ 0.001), venous invasion (p < 0.001), Klintrup–Makinen (KM) grade (p < 0.001), TSP (p < 0.001), and tumor budding (p < 0.001) (Fig. 2) were significantly associated with CSS. Here, MKI67 is linked to neoplasm.