On the other hand, targeted depletion of TDP-43 in adult mouse motor neurons induces ALS-like progressive motor dysfunction and muscle atrophy (Wu et al., 2012; Iguchi et al., 2013), with similar results reported in Drosophila (Feiguin et al., 2009; Fiesel et al., 2010; Lin et al., 2011; Diaper et al., 2013) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Vaccaro et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.