PPARA and infection: We then demonstrated that AMPK phosphorylation levels decrease significantly upon infection (p < 0.05; Fig. 4A and Supplementary S1A), which is accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of ACC, the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and PPARα (p < 0.001; Fig. 4B,C,F, respectively and Supplementary S1B,C,F).