In addition, we found that cytosolic mtDNA release was significantly enhanced by infection with recombinant influenza virus lacking the NS1 gene (ΔNS1), which is known to induce large amounts of type I IFNs21 and commonly used as a potent IFN inducer, compared with that of WT virus (Fig. 1f and Supplementary Fig. 2d, h). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and infection.