PPARD and malignant colon neoplasm: In addition, mutations in the PPARB/D gene are extremely rare (≤1.4%) in colorectal cancer patients based on analyses of TCGA data using the Cancer Omics Atlas.35 This is in contrast to the high frequency of mutations in genes such as TP53 (~59%), KRAS (45%), or APC (82%) that are known to be key driver mutations in colorectal cancer.78 This suggests that mutations in the PPARB/D gene that could produce mutant protein are unlikely to contribute to colon cancer.