PPARD and colonic neoplasm: Using these cell lines, this group also demonstrated that knockdown of PPARβ/δ expression in KM12C human colon cancer cell lines markedly enhanced ectopic xenografts derived from these cells that was also associated with increased cell proliferation, reduced differentiation, enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as compared with controls.69 The latter effect appears to be related to the reduced sensitivity of the xenografts derived from KM12C PPARβ/δ knockdown cells to the VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab observed in these studies.