The greatest focus in immuno-oncology has been on tumor biopsy-derived features, such as PD-L1 expression, tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density, T-cell receptor (TCR) clonality, mutational burden, and immune gene signatures, for their increasingly recognized predictive values for ICI-based immunotherapy.100 Although promising, their invasive nature makes repeated sampling not clinically practical particularly for metastatic diseases over the course of treatment. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.