TNF and retinoblastoma: Death receptors, such as the FAS and TNF receptors (FASR, and TNF-R1), are membrane proteins capable of inducing apoptosis and belong to the TNF-R superfamily.38 Following magnetic hyperthermia, gene expression profiling showed that genes in FAS and TNF-α signaling pathways were highly activated in Y79 retinoblastoma cells, reaching several hundred folds for some genes, including FAS ligand and TNF.