TNF and glioma: FAS activates caspase-3 not only by inducing the cleavage of the caspase zymogen to its active subunits but also by stimulating the denitrosylation of its active-site thiol.40,41 In nude mice carrying human glioma cells, Ito et al.42 showed that hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles induced cell death throughout the tumor area and increased TNF-α gene expression by 3-fold.