In CRC, high LMNA expression can increase tumor invasiveness and a more stem cell-like phenotype and is associated poor prognosis 36; high PPARD expression can promote tumor angiogenesis by enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion and is associated with significantly reduced metastasis-free survival 37, 38; and high PXN expression can promote tumor invasion and confere 5-fluorouracil resistance via ERK-mediated stabilization of Bcl-2 protein, resulting in poor patient outcomes 39, 40. This evidence concerns the gene PPARD and neoplasm.