APC and colorectal carcinoma: There are three highly important molecular pathways leading to CRC development: (1) somatic or germ line derived genomic instability due to inactivation of several tumor suppressor genes such as APC, SMAD4, and TP53; aberrant DNA methylation, DNA repair defects induced by mutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR); (2) mutational inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (e.g., APC, TP53, TGFb, and MMR genes); and (3) over activation of oncogenic pathways including BRAF, RAS (KRAS and NRAS), and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PIK-3) [4].