In PC cells, Gem treatment induces cell apoptosis by activation of caspase-3/7 signaling, and use of a selective allosteric MEK1/2 inhibitor can enhance Gem efficacy by significant activation of caspase-3/7 [18].In bladder cancer, LNCaP and C4-2B cells, Gem plus AZD7762 also induced more pronounced levels of apoptosis, as indicated by an increase in the levels of cleaved PARP, and of levels of caspase 3/7 activity, compared to Gem alone [19]. Here, CASP3 is linked to pachyonychia congenita.