CS and cancer: In cancer (HeLa cervix, 143B osteosarcoma, MDA-MB-231 breast) cells [101] and hepatocytes [184], the activation of PPAR isoforms with either bezafibrate or tetradecylthio acetic acid increases the activity of several mitochondrial proteins, such as carnitine palmitoyl transferases (CPT-I and CPTII), citrate synthase (CS), and cytochrome oxidase (COX), as well as increases by 40% cellular ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential.