TNF and central nervous system cancer: This result is consistent with a previous study, which proved that the inhibition of H3R leads to suppressed cell invasion by inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway in gliomas.55 Apart from the PI3K/AKT pathway, the RNA‐Seq data from injured muscle suggest that the TNF‐a signalling pathway and NF‐kappa B signalling pathway are significantly down‐regulated in injured muscle of Hdc−/−mice.