ACTA2 and melanoma: Furthermore, we noticed an increase in DUSP1 (Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1), STK3 (Serine/Threonine Kinase 3), ACTA2 (Actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta) and IL1A (Interleukin 1α) gene expression levels; however, the role of these genes in melanoma repopulation remains to be addressed.