The Krt14-expressing basal cell population, which was increased during homeostasis in ShhCre;Ppargfl/fl mutants compared to controls (Fig. 9f; Supplementary Fig. 5a–h), was further expanded after UTI, occupying all layers of the mutant urothelium (Fig. 9g; Supplementary Fig. 5i–v). This evidence concerns the gene KRT14 and bacterial urinary tract infection.