It is noteworthy that the combinatorial treatment of anti-CD40L and anti-CTLA-4 for NZB/NZW.F1 mice has demonstrated synergistic effectiveness in delaying the onset of SLE by suppressing both autoreactive B and T cells [158,159], suggesting that combinatorial approaches have the potential to further enhance efficacy. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and systemic lupus erythematosus.