It is noteworthy that the combinatorial treatment of anti-CD40L and anti-CTLA-4 for NZB/NZW.F1 mice has demonstrated synergistic effectiveness in delaying the onset of SLE by suppressing both autoreactive B and T cells [158,159], suggesting that combinatorial approaches have the potential to further enhance efficacy. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.