To this end, we utilised a custom panel of inflammation-associated proteins to profile plasma from a cohort consisting of seven of the most prevalent SLE manifestations: DL, ACL, secondary SS, thrombocytopenia, LN III, LN IV, and LN V. First, the relationship was characterised between individual SLE manifestations represented in the cohort and established biomarkers of composite disease activity: SLE-associated autoantibodies, C3, and type I IFN–inducible chemokines. Here, C3 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.