The presence of multiple secreted vita-PAMPS, such as either cyclic-di-AMP (c-di-AMP) or any of the various sRNAs described here, that target multiple cellular receptors, viz., STING and RIG-I, for inducing a type I interferon response implies an intrinsic need for live bacteria to create an environment that allows sufficient growth as a beachhead for further dissemination during infection. Here, STING1 is linked to infection.