In a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular risk factors in CKD, serum albumin, phosphate, urate, and hemoglobin were all found to be statistically significant in their association with future cardiovascular events in addition to traditional risk factors.25 Third, since included studies employed a variety of GFR estimating equations, there was a risk of misclassification bias since the MDRD and the Cockcroft-Gault equations under- and over-estimate GFR, respectively. Here, ALB is linked to chronic kidney disease.