In addition, MZF1‐AS1 binds poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) to facilitate its interaction with E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), resulting in transactivation of E2F1 and upregulation of MZF1 and other oncogenic genes associated with tumor progression. This evidence concerns the gene PTGDR and neoplasm.