The following markers were selected to explore neuronal development: S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and to indicate neonatal inflammation/infection: monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-18, C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulin A (IgA). This evidence concerns the gene S100B and infection.