For example, expression of JPH2 in the heart is decreased in animal models of dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with heart failure (33), and point mutations in JPH2 are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (34, –36) and arrhythmias (8) in human patients. This evidence concerns the gene JPH2 and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.