Because AGE-derivative residues comprise not only the intramolecular type such as CML but also the intermolecular types such as GOLD (glyoxal pathway), DOLD (3DG pathway), and MOLD (methylglyoxal pathway), the extra electron density indicates the formation of irreversible di-Lys bonds within/between the CRMP2 tetramer complexes by AGE modification (Fig 4B). This evidence concerns the gene DPYSL2 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.