Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) activates the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) that represses IL-1β and NLRP3 gene expression in LPS-treated microglia and in the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) [156]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to acute monocytic leukemia.