Mutations in the NLRP3 gene are associated with the dominantly inherited autoinflammatory diseases known as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle–Wells syndrome, and chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular syndrome [139,140,141]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.