TNF and hyperinsulinism: The hallmarks of insulin resistance in DIO mice include obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and increased inflammation.133, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161 Therefore, the suppression of inflammation in DIO mice has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity.162, 163, 164 hPST treatment of Chga‐KO‐DIO mice resulted in increased expression of the proinflammatory genes, including interleukin‐1‐beta (Il1b), TNF‐α (Tnfa), interleukin‐6 (Il6), chemokine C‐C motif ligand 2 (Ccl2), and nitric oxide synthase 2a (Nos2), thereby underscoring the proinflammatory nature of PST.