More radical surgeries such as total pancreatectomy and islet cell transplantation are possible but do not seem to offer any additional benefits but instead may increase the probability of inducing insulin-dependent diabetes.16 Reports from Bellin et al.17 have shown only 56% of children who underwent total pancreatectomy and islet-transplantation were not dependent on insulin and an astonishing 39% needed narcotics for pain relief. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.