INS and Insulin resistance: Additionally, alcohol inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver and decreases glycogenolysis, lowering blood sugar.91 A review article concluded that acute ethanol ingestion causes insulin resistance while chronic ethanol intake improves insulin sensitivity.92 Another review stated that alcohol increases insulin secretion, therefore, appears to improve glucose tolerance.93 While acute alcohol consumption appears to improve insulin action without affecting insulin secretion in T2DM patients,94 less is known about the long-term effects of alcohol on insulin activity.